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Hybridizace mezi jelenem evropským a jelenem sikou v oblasti Doupovských hor
Kahajová, Barbora
The sika deer was introduced to the Czech Republic for the first time at the end of the 19th century, after the Second World War it also escaped into the wild. The population numbers of free-living sika deer populations are still increasing and the species causes serious ecological problems. The sika deer is also a major threat to the native European red deer, with which it crossbreeds. This thesis deals with the hybridization between the European red deer and the sika deer. The main goal was to determine the proportion of hybrid individuals between these two species in the area of the Doupovské hory Mountains, where they are in contact. During the hunting season 2020/21, 101 samples of these two species were taken in the study area. I genotyped them using 22 microsatellite loci. Previously genotyped deer samples from this area from the period 2008/09–2016/17 as well as comparative samples of sika deer and red deer from the surrounding areas and samples of the subspecies Dybowski's sika deer from enclosures were added to the evaluated dataset. Using mitochondrial DNA, the samples were divided into individual species or sika deer subspecies. A total of 560 samples were then evaluated using the Bayesian clustering analysis in the program STRUCTURE, of which 270 originated in the Doupovské hory Mountains. Based on the results, 29 hybrids were identified in the dataset, 20 in enclosures, 2 in comparative samples of sika deer and 7 in the study area Doupovské hory Mts. Five of them were detected in the season 2008/09, in the season 2020/21 analyzed by me it was only one individual. The results did not show that the proportion of hybrids in the Doupovské hory Mts has increased significantly, but they confirmed that the cross-breeding of the both species sporadicly occurs there.
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Free-ranging herbivores as a dispersal vector for species in abandoned landscape
Lepková, Barbora ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Karlík, Petr (referee)
Endozoochory is an important part of plant-animal relationship. In model area of the Doupov Mountains large herbivore mammals, such as red deer, sika deer and wild boar, act as effective seed dispersers. Out of 282 dung samples 29 719 seedlings of 91 species emerged. The most common species was Urtica dioica (80 % of all seedlings). The amount of seeds in dung as well as species composition were highly dependent on dispersing animal, both showed strong seasonality and differences between two studied localities. Frequency of species in dung did not correspond to their frequency in vegetation suggesting strong preferences of herbivores as predators. However more research is needed to test this hypothesis. Given very high time demands for samples processing beforehand the emergence experiment, the influence of concentration by washing through on seedling emergence and species composition was tested. According to preliminary results more seedlings and species emerge from concentrated samples. However, concentration has no effect on emergence of U. dioica as the most common species. Concentration of samples by running water is recommended for faster emergence in greenhouse conditions. Preliminary results also suggest that the approximation of number of seedlings/species on weight of dry mass is not...
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Využití mikrosatelitních markerů pro studium populační struktury jelenovitých v západních Karpatech
Gřundělová, Alžběta
The aim of this work was to analyze nuclear microsatellite markers, which were processed by methods of landscape genetics and then compared with mitochondrial sequences (mtDNA) from previous research. Microsatellite analysis was performed using 11 microsatellite sequences with a total of 188 alleles. A total of 94 individuals were analyzed, divided into 3 subpopulations. The average expected heterozygosity of 0.82 and the average observed heterozygosity of the whole population was 0.72. There is a gene flow between the subpopulations. Transport infrastructure affects the flow of genes to a small extent.
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Assessment of breeding conditions in the Šumava National Park visitor centers
POPELÁKOVÁ, Zuzana
When evaluating breeding is necessary to comply with several conditions, as physical and mental state of the animal, age and health of the individual, equipment excursions and aviary, providing suitable climatic conditions in breeding lodging, feeding, power and quality. Welfare or well-being of animals is currently one of most discussed topic. Welfare conditions are determined by the ,,rule of the five freedoms'' according to Webster (1999), it is adherence is still not the rule. For these reasons, this bachelor thesis deals with the conditions of breeding and welfare of animals in visitor centers in Borová Lada, Srní and Kvilda. The aim was to evaluate and subsequently develop graphic designs and visualization of aviaries and excursions to meet the welfare requirements. After an overall evaluation of the information and materials obtained, the Srni visitor center is the only one to be completely satisfactory in terms of welfare.
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Monitoring poškození dřevin okusem na kontrolních a srovnávacích plochách (KSP) na území lesní správy Loučná nad Desnou
Lenhart, Tomáš
This thesis deals with a data processing about growth and browse damage at check and comparative areas. The data is evaluated by the method used by Forest Management Institute in the process of creation of Regional Plans of Forest Development and it is compared with my own detailed monitoring according CERMAK (2006). The results are further confronted with game records, namely the spring game numbers and the number of annual hunting. The data about growth and browse damage were collected at 28 check and comparative areas. The total browse damage of trees in the forest district Loučná nad Desnou was 42.2 %. The most damaged and at the same time the most occuring deciduous tree species in the forest district are common ash, sycamore maple and rowan. In case of common ash (Acer pseudoplatanus) reachs the browse damage 73 %. Among the most damaged coniferous species is silver fir (Abies alba) with browse damage up to 85 %.
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Experimental infection of Oryctolagus cuniculus with fluke Fascioloides magna
Melounová, Klára ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Novobilský, Adam (referee)
Fasioloides magna is a trematode parasitizing in the liver parenchyma of ruminants. Its life cycle is associated with the humid environment and includes intermediate freshwater snail hosts from family Lymnaeidae. According to the ability of host to form a certain type of a pseudocyst during fascioloidosis, they can be,divided in three groups, specific definitive hosts (red deers, fallow deers, roe deers), nonspecific definitive hosts (cattle, wild boars and elks) and atypical hosts (sheeps and goats). Beside the natural infections also the experimental infections of other potential host species has been realized (chamois, llama and bighorn sheep and traditional laboratory animals such as mice, guinea pigs, rats and rabbits). In the context of different diseases, many changes in infected organism can occur. These can be qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Similarly, during fascioloidosis the changes associated with the presence of the parasite in the host's body is possible to monitor, e.g. antibody production, increase in the number of eosinophils, release of eggs in faeces, internal bleeding, or the level liver damage. The liver damage is corresponding primarily to biochemical parameters of blood, not only the liver enzymes, but also other blood components, like blood proteins, lipids,...
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Free-ranging herbivores as a dispersal vector for species in abandoned landscape
Lepková, Barbora ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Karlík, Petr (referee)
Endozoochory is an important part of plant-animal relationship. In model area of the Doupov Mountains large herbivore mammals, such as red deer, sika deer and wild boar, act as effective seed dispersers. Out of 282 dung samples 29 719 seedlings of 91 species emerged. The most common species was Urtica dioica (80 % of all seedlings). The amount of seeds in dung as well as species composition were highly dependent on dispersing animal, both showed strong seasonality and differences between two studied localities. Frequency of species in dung did not correspond to their frequency in vegetation suggesting strong preferences of herbivores as predators. However more research is needed to test this hypothesis. Given very high time demands for samples processing beforehand the emergence experiment, the influence of concentration by washing through on seedling emergence and species composition was tested. According to preliminary results more seedlings and species emerge from concentrated samples. However, concentration has no effect on emergence of U. dioica as the most common species. Concentration of samples by running water is recommended for faster emergence in greenhouse conditions. Preliminary results also suggest that the approximation of number of seedlings/species on weight of dry mass is not...
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Effect of hunting pressure on microhabitat preference of red deer in the Doupov Mts.
Křivan, Lukáš ; Ježek, Miloš (advisor) ; Stanislav, Stanislav (referee)
This master thesis is focused on GPS telemetry of red deer (Cercus elaphus) in the environment of the Doupov Mountains in the Military training Hradiště. In the first part of the thesis are solution of introduction to general issues preferences and the occurrence of red deer and other related ungulates. The second part of the thesis is focused on my own research.
The Positional data monitored hind Dorothy was collected in the period 1. 7. 30. 3. 2014. The aim was to determine, if the time hunting have to influence to microhabitat preferences on the hind of red deer and if the selection of posts are accidental or is influenced by the characteristics of the post. The Research conducted of data inventory from GPS using collar and of data, which arised laser air scanning the surface (technology LiDAR). For comparison and finding the preferences of the hind was created the network accidental comparative points. Field exploration and LiDAR technology consider the dependence of the average height of vegetation around of Dorothy positions the period of the year and the time of day. Data was evaluated ANOVA for the non-parametric data distribution (Kruskal-Wallisova) and the program Microsoft Excel. At each station has been carefully identified information about the location including visibility of the hunting-game device and height of stand.
The results indicate that the average height of the vegetation was at the stands searched by the hind of red deer during a sunrise and a day. The lowest was in night and at sunset. The hind of red deer prefer, in hunting time during the day, thick scrub and during the night more open spaces with larger views properties, where she actively looking for food. The most preferred visibility at the time of hunting and off time hunting was to the eastern direction. The most least preferred visibility was always to the western direction. Minimum presence of the hunting-game device is in the time of hunting during at the day and sunrise, maximum at night. This behavior was probably caused increased hunting activity.
The results of the thesis may be used in forestry management, for forest protection and by planning of hunting management of the red deer populations.
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Hormonal Aspects of Antler Growth Regulation
Kužmová, Erika ; Bartoš, Luděk (advisor) ; Petr, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kierdorf, Uwe (referee)
Hormonal aspects of antler growth regulation Erika Kužmová Abstract Deer antlers are the only mammalian organ that completely regenerates and therefore they became an object of rising interest as a potential model for bone growth and development. In recent years, it has been confirmed that annual regeneration of the antler is initiated from the stem cell niche localised in the pedicle periosteum. Antlers grow to the length at the tip. Only a little is known about endocrine stimulation of antler growth and some discrepancy has arisen between in vivo and in vitro studies over the decades. As the secondary sexual character, the antler cycle timing and growth are linked to seasonal levels of testosterone. Since the levels are at their minimum during the antler growth phase, according to many mainly in vitro studies, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) tends to be accepted as the "antler stimulating hormone". Since the conclusion about the role of IGF-1 was contradictory to previous opinions and also in contrast with our own experience, we aimed to verify the role of IGF-1 in vitro. Our ex- periments were based on existing in vivo studies demonstrating the importance of testosterone, even in its low levels, and on the hypothesis that testosterone should be the "antler stimulating hormone". We performed in vitro...
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